• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Procedure for the production of a recovered solid fuel and solid fuel. The process for manufacturing the solid fuel recovered from residues consisting of fibers comprises: collecting fiber waste from the textile industry, consisting of fibers resulting from a short fiber spinning process; eliminating at least elements extraneous to the fiber present in said residues including the separation of at least a fraction of the fiber as a function of the products resulting from the combustión of said fraction of the fiber; and optionally compact the treated waste. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2540027A1
    申请号:ES201331195
    申请日:2013-07-31
    公开日:2015-07-07
    发明作者:Rafael Antonio MIRALLES COLOMINA；Modesto SEMPERE PASCUAL；Tobías Lidiano MIRALLES COLOMINA
    申请人:Rafael Antonio MIRALLES COLOMINA；Modesto SEMPERE PASCUAL；Tobías Lidiano MIRALLES COLOMINA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Procedure for the preparation of a recovered solid fuel and solid fuel
    Field of the Invention
    S The present invention concerns the field of solid fuels recovered from industrial waste.
    10 In a first aspect it refers to the elaboration of a fuel by means of the use of fibers from the textile waste, specifically of short fiber spinning, by a process for the elaboration of a recovered solid fuel. And in a second aspect it refers to the solid fuel obtained by said process, being suitable for combustion with different systems, and for the generation of energy.
    fifteen The aforementioned procedure requires different treatments to adapt and texture the particle size, eliminating unwanted elements of different nature, and a subsequent compaction, so that the final product acts as a recovered solid fuel (CSR).
    State of the art
    twenty One of the main problems of developed countries is the increase in the generation of industrial and urban waste. The consequences of this waste deposited in landfills range from land use, to pollution and the emission of greenhouse gases responsible for global warming.
    To avoid the aforementioned environmental problems, the current waste policy, in particular of the EU, revolves around the minimization, reuse, recycling and recovery of waste, being the last option the spill.
    25 It is currently known to manufacture solid fuels such as pellets and briquettes from different industrial and urban waste, such as waste from cotton plants, cellulosic material, synthetic polymeric materials, agricultural waste, almond husk, shell rice, industrial waste ... for burning in boilers or similar combustion machines.
    30 On the other hand, the development of procedures for producing solid recovered fuels is in an incipient stage, due to the heterogeneity of materials to be recovered and the different processes to be carried out to treat the waste.
    Korean patent KR1020100042318 is considered a document close to the present invention, and describes the conversion of plant waste into solid fuels. This background is entitled "Method for manufacturing a coUon briquette and a pellet for biomass fuel having excellent calorie". The document provides a method for manufacturing a solid fuel composed of cotton from biomass, specifically transforming the stems and roots of the cotton plant into pellets or briquettes. In relation to the present invention, the patent raw material is a residue from agricultural waste, and therefore, its nature and the procedures necessary for its treatment and selection are also different.
    US4236897 discloses a solid fuel in the form of a tablet containing a part of cellulosic material and another part of synthetic polymeric material, the thermoplastic material being solid at room temperature and having an injection molding temperature of at least 200 ° F . Such a fuel pellet can be prepared in a granulator where the temperature of the pellets as it emerges from the nozzle is approximately 150-250 ° F. Although a part of the material developed is a fuel from a cellulosic material, the patent does not indicate the origin of the raw material.
    PCT Publication WO / 2008/1 07042A3, refers to a very fine compacted material for use as a fuel source or reducing agent derived from cellulosic components, and a plastic component. The proportion, by dry weight, of the cellulosic component is greater than that of the plastic component, the mixture being a particle size distribution such that at least 95% by weight of the particles in the mixture are less than 2.8 mm, Based on the total dry weight of the cellulose / plastic mixture, and the particle size distribution is between 0.3 and 2.5 mm.
    US4324561 protects a process and an apparatus for granulating agricultural waste products. The raw material from agricultural remains, once dried, is finely ground, preheated and forced through a granulation mill to create a granulated product having a diameter of approximately 0.635 cm. The granules cool and leave the processor. Solid fuel is manufactured continuously through the mills that crush the waste material.
    Like those described above, document No. US4236897 found does not solve the problem of waste generated in the spinning industry.
    In addition, fuel briquettes made from fuel are known in order to improve and facilitate their ignition. However, its use has disadvantages in domestic use, since the combustion produced causes a large amount of fumes.
    The closest state of the art of the aforementioned documents proposes solutions to agricultural waste and industrial waste. It is also known the compaction of industrial waste for the use of fuels as a solution to the problem of the generated waste. In addition, none of the documents cited contemplates the danger generated by the use of fuels developed by the compaction of different textile materials, due to the compaction of mixtures from different chemical compositions such as polyester / cotton, acrylic / viscose, or cotton / viscose / polyamide. The different textile mixtures generate polluting gases and environmental pollution during combustion.
    Brief Description of the Invention
    The invention focuses on processing waste from short fiber that cannot be reprocessed in the spinning process and that currently generates an ecological problem, depositing in landfills or incinerating with the consequent emission of polluting gases into the atmosphere due to the mixture of fibers
    The textile industry and specifically spinning have the problem of waste management they generate. Most are non-hazardous waste from fibers, skin, threads and other textile materials.
    The short fiber spinning process, also called the cotton process, is based on the processing of the fiber, of natural or synthetic origin, with a fiber size of less than 60 mm. The fibers are processed in different stages: fiber cleaning, in order to eliminate their impurities and dirt in an appropriate, carded way, which consists of the deposition of the fibers in the form of a veil trying to parallelize and individualize the fibers and several passes of stretched and twisted the veil to convert it into tape form. The tapes feed the Open-End spinning machines so that they become thread. The objective of Open-End machines is to disintegrate the fibers of the belt at high speeds in a first phase and forming them again in a second phase with the appropriate fineness and torsion.
    In each of the aforementioned processes: cleaning, carding, parallelization, stretching, twisting and spinning, there is a significant decrease in fibers, recovering those that have a suitable fiber length for reprocessing. Fibers that are not reused because of their short length are discarded, generating a waste for the industry that causes environmental problems for society.
    The main object of the present invention is a process for the manufacture of a recovered solid fuel from textile waste, and the recovered solid fuel produced, which is suitable for combustion, limiting the degree of contamination of the generated gases, and with a calorific value that can be used as a replacement for conventional fossil fuels. The proposed procedure also allows to eliminate, from the waste used as raw material, fibers of synthetic origin that could produce toxic substances during their combustion, thus obtaining a solid fuel recovered with low emissions of said toxic substances. The procedure includes from the collection of the waste, consisting of cellulosic fibers from spinning waste, to the manufacture of the recovered solid fuel.
    The energy analysis of the solid recovered textile fuel of cellulosic nature reaches a lower calorific value of 18-20 MJullKg, so it can replace conventional fossil fuels. The aforementioned solid fuel recovered, aims to feed the industrial plants, thanks to its calorific value and at the same time the elimination of synthetic fibers generating toxic gases during combustion, improving its energy efficiency and avoiding the emission of CO2 gases into the atmosphere coming from coal, coke or fuel.
    Description of the figures
    To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. where illustrative and not limiting, where:
    Fig. 1 shows a flow chart describing the production process of the recovered solid fuel; Y
    Fig. 2 illustrates a schematic vertical section of a stirring reactor, with stirring means composed of rotating blades, inside.
    Detailed description of the invention
    The invention provides a process of separating fibers of different densities, to achieve a recovered solid fuel, or CSR, with predictable, controlled and constant combustion properties.
    Said fuel is manufactured, preferably but not limited to, from cellulosic fiber, the majority coming from cotton, separated from other synthetic fibers, thus obtaining an ecological fuel that generates less than 3% of ash, compatible gas emissions with European regulations and with the environment, and achieving sufficient calorific power to serve as a substitute for traditional fuels, obtaining better parameters than those provided, for example, with solid urban waste, currently used as fuel in the generation of
    S energy, also called recovered waste fuels or CDR, as can be seen in the attached table.
    CDR CSRUnity
    Size 40-mm
    Calorific value 17.518.2MJlKg
    Ash content 103%
    Humidity twenty7.2%
    Sulfur 0.10.05%
    Heavy metals <500approx. 70ppm
    ..
    Another object of the invention is the own pellet obtained from said procedure, being able to be used compacted, without compacting, in the form of a pellet, or in another form, and being suitable for use as fuel in different equipment and systems.
    10 combustion
    The manufacturing process of the recovered solid fuel object of this invention basically comprises the following steps:
    Collection of short fibers from waste spinning of the type known as Open-End, which cannot be reprocessed and which in the industry
    15 spinning machines are classified as non-hazardous industrial waste. These residues are formed by fibers of very diverse chemical compositions, such as cotton, acrylic, polyester, viscose, linen, ... Such short fibers are typically fibers of a length less than 10 cm, and preferably are fibers of a shorter length at 6 cm.
    20 Deposition of the fiber in a reactor 10 for mechanical treatment. The reactor 10 is designed to treat any mixture of fibers from waste, especially that from open-end spinning. The reactor 10 is formed by a sealed housing 11 with an air inlet and outlet, as well as by stirring means 12, said means being able to be formed, such as
    25 non-limiting example, by a shaft 13 driven to control the revolutions of three pairs of rotating blades 14. Optionally, an upward air circulation can be provided that crosses the contents of the reactor 10 in an upward direction to aid in the stratification of said fibers.
    Stirring of the residue introduced into the reactor 10, by means of the stirring means 12, with a controlled angular velocity and drive time, to achieve the separation and individualization of the fibers, and also to ensure that the fibers present inside the reactor 10 is stratified by densities, by the combined action of agitation and gravity. According to an exemplary embodiment, said angular velocity could be in the range between 100 and 600 rpm. The stirring time could vary depending on the mixture of fibers introduced in the reactor 10, but would be between 15 and 45 minutes.
    Screening phase, which guarantees the separation of the separated and stratified fibers in the reactor, and the non-inclusion of unwanted elements in the resulting recovered solid fuel.
    The sieve 20, in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in Fig. 2, is located at the bottom of the reactor 10, is made of stainless steel and its openings are quadrangular in shape. and allows separating the denser fibers, present in the lower strata of the reactor 10 after stirring, from the less dense ones located in the upper strata, typically dense cellulosic fibers of light synthetic fibers. The sieve 20 consists of a mesh with a passage light of less than 1 mm that acts thanks to the agitation of the stirring means 12, not requiring additional physical-chemical treatments. The fibers with the highest density accumulated at the bottom of the reactor pass through the sieve 20, fall by gravity and are collected in a tank 30 to convert them into recovered solid fuel, achieving a separation of the fibers by fractions of approximately homogeneous densities.
    With this procedure, cellulosic fibers, fibers with densities between 1.50-1, 54 g / cm3, can be separated from other synthetic fibers that are used in short fiber spunings, with lower densities, for example the density of polyester is 1.22-1.35 g / cm3, and the acrylic is in values of 1.14-1, 18 g / cm3
    The described process allows to obtain sifted fibers containing at least 98% cellulosic fibers, having a content of less than 2% synthetic fibers.
    According to an alternative embodiment, the described process provides cellulosic fibers that are extracted from the reactor with a synthetic fiber content of less than 5%.
    The last stage, if necessary, consists of pressing and granulating
    5 of the solid cellulosic residue to facilitate its handling and transport. The operation of the granulation process is simple, and then a possible embodiment example is described, many others being possible. The sieve product of approximately homogeneous density stored in the tank 30 located under the sieve 20, is deposited in trays forming
    10 layers of product, and a grooved roller presses and compacts the matter. Depending on the type of roller, the recovered solid fuel of different size and particle size can be achieved.
    The fuel thus obtained has sufficient calorific power to be used as a substitute for petroleum-derived fuels.
    15 The use of recovered solid fuels is wide: cement, combined cycle plants, lime plants, multi-fuel thermal power plants and industrial boilers.
    Once the solid fuel recovered by the described procedure is obtained, the material is characterized to check its physical · chemical characteristics and to be able to classify it according to regulations, and thus be able to offer the product to consumers of
    20 fuels, together with the emission characteristics that said fuel will have when burned.
    image 1
    image2
    According to standardized measurements, the recovered solid fuel described in this invention, has a minimum calorific value of 18.2 MJlKcal, and gives off when burning 0.19% of Chlorine and 0.04 mg / kg of Mercury, which allows to affirm that it gives off very low levels of Toxic substances and lots of energy.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    1. · Procedure for the production of solid fuel recovered from waste consisting of fibers, which includes:
    -collect fiber waste; - remove at least impurities and dirt from the fiber present in said fiber waste; and - optionally compact the treated waste; characterized by that
    The fiber waste used is waste from the textile industry, consisting of fibers resulting from a short fiber spinning process; Y
    said step of eliminating at least impurities and dirt from the fiber further comprises removing at least a fraction of synthetic fiber generating toxic gases during combustion.
    [2]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said step of eliminating a fraction of the fiber comprises:
    a) feeding a stirring reactor (10) with the waste constituted by fibers of said spinning process;
    b) agitation of the residue constituted by fibers by stirring means (12), which provide a breakdown of the fibers, and their stratification by
    densities; Y
    c) sieving the fibers, from the stirring reactor (1 O), by means of at least one sieve (20).
    [3]
    3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that said method
    It also comprises a step of filling a compacting device with a fraction of the sieved fibers of approximately homogeneous density.
    [4]
    4. · Method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that said waste in the form of fibers from the textile industry are mostly made up of fibers
    short, not spun, less than 10 cm long.
    [5]
    5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that said fiber length is less than 6 cm.
    9
    [6]
    6. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said sieving stage is carried out by means of a sieve (20) located at the base of the reactor (1 O), with openings smaller than 1mm.
    [7]
    7. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that said step of filling the compacting device with a fraction of sieved fibers of approximately homogeneous density, provides a separation of the cellulosic fibers that are extracted from the reactor with a synthetic fiber content of less than one 5%.
    [8]
    8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that said cellulosic fibers extracted from the reactor have a content of less than 2% of synthetic fibers.
    [9]
    9. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that said stirring of step b) is obtained by means of rotating blades (14) moved by a shaft (13) driven by an actuator device.
    [10]
    10. Method according to claim 9 characterized in that said rotating blades (14)
    they rotate at an angular speed between 100 rpm and 600 rpm.11. Procedure according to claim 9 characterized in that said stirring is obtainedby the rotation of said rotating blades (14) over an interval of between 15 and 45 minutes.
    [12]
    12. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the sieve (20) is made of stainless steel and its openings are quadrangular in shape.
    [13]
    13.-Solid fuel recovered from waste from the textile industry, consisting of fibers resulting from a short fiber spinning process, which comprises cellulosic fibers formed by short non-spun fibers of a length less than 6 cm and with a lower content to 2% of synthetic fibers obtainable by the method of claim 8.
    [14]
    14. Solid fuel recovered according to claim 13, characterized in that said fuel is compacted in granular form.
    10
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2015015028A1|2015-02-05|
    ES2540027B1|2016-03-30|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    ES2233279T3|1999-09-09|2005-06-16|Dsm Ip Assets B.V.|METHOD FOR PREPARING A GRANULATED FUEL.|
    WO2006102543A2|2005-03-24|2006-09-28|Xyleco, Inc.|Fibrous materials and composites|
    WO2010013202A1|2008-07-31|2010-02-04|Qlyte Technologies B.V.|Method for processing a mixture of cellulose/plastic waste particles to form a fuel|TWI714434B|2020-01-16|2020-12-21|隆順綠能科技股份有限公司|Fuel rod with fiber and method for manufacturing the same|
    ES2584290B1|2015-03-24|2017-06-30|Rafael Antonio MIRALLES COLOMINA|Procedure for obtaining recovered raw material and recovered raw material|
    CN112094678A|2019-06-27|2020-12-18|黄国锋|Production process of environment-friendly particles|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201331195A|ES2540027B1|2013-07-31|2013-07-31|Procedure for the preparation of a recovered solid fuel and solid fuel|ES201331195A| ES2540027B1|2013-07-31|2013-07-31|Procedure for the preparation of a recovered solid fuel and solid fuel|
    PCT/ES2014/070583| WO2015015028A1|2013-07-31|2014-07-18|Method for producing a recovered solid fuel and solid fuel|
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